Systems, Devices, and/or Methods for Providing Images

ABSTRACT

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via light from a light source, rendering an image on a retina.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to, and incorporates by referenceherein in its entirety, pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application61/567,445 (Attorney Docket 1149-262), filed 6 Dec. 2011.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A wide variety of potential, feasible, and/or useful embodiments will bemore readily understood through the herein-provided, non-limiting,non-exhaustive description of certain exemplary embodiments, withreference to the accompanying exemplary drawings in which:

FIG. 1a is a front view of an eye 1;

FIG. 1b is a cross-section taken along section A-A of FIG. 1 a;

FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken along section A-A of FIG. 1 a;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section taken along section A-A of FIG. 1 a;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a layer of an electroactive prism;

FIG. 6 is a cross section taken at section B-B of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method; and

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an informationdevice.

DESCRIPTION

It is possible to mount, in and/or on the eye of a wearer, one or moredevices that contain Light Emitting Diodes (“LEDs”), and/or similar tinyelectro-optic devices that emit light. An example is a contact lenshaving one embedded LED that can produce a single spot in the field ofview of the eye of the wearer. Such light emitting devices can allowimages to be formed on the retina of the wearer, such as those describedin any of the following published documents:

-   “A single-pixel wireless contact lens display”, Lingley et al,    2011 J. Micromech. Microeng. 21 125014;-   United States Patent Application Publication 20050099594-   United States Patent Application Publication 20100001926;-   United States Patent Application Publication 20120245444;-   United States Patent Application Publication 20120277568;-   International Patent Application WO/2008/109867;-   International Patent Application WO/2012/051223;-   U.S. Pat. No. 6,851,805-   U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,187;-   U.S. Pat. No. 8,096,654;-   U.S. Pat. No. 8,184,068;    -   each of which published documents is incorporated by reference        to the extent it teaches how to operably implement (i.e., make        and/or use) any portion of any embodiment of a lighting-emitting        contact lens adapted to form one or more predetermined images on        a retina of its wearer and/or adapted to perform a function        described herein.

However, in order to accomplish this, lenses of positive optical powertypically must be used between the light emitting device and the retinaso as to allow the light from the emitting device to form a small enoughspot for the retina to discern the spot.

The amount of optical power required to focus a spot of light on theretina can vary from person to person since the optical power of the eyetypically varies from person to person. Additionally, the optical powerof the cornea can vary from location to location within the same corneaof a single individual. Also, the location of the section of the retinathat the spots must be projected to typically varies from person toperson. For a spot to be perceived as being in the center of theperson's vision, the spot typically must be projected onto the center ofthe fovea of the retina. As the spot is projected onto a locationfurther away from the center of the fovea, the spot is typicallyperceived to be further out from the center of the person's visualfield.

Forming many spots on the retina can allow images more complex than asingle spot to be seen. By projecting onto a person's retina a patternof spots of a known size, such as a series of concentric circles or agrid of dots, the person might report what they see as it appears to beoverlaid upon the real-world images that they see. Moreover, therelationship between distance-from-center and angular field of view canbe determined, such as via a diagnostic instrument such as a wavefrontsensor, e.g., a laser ray tracing analyzer, a spatially resolvedrefractometer, an optical path difference scanner, a Tscherningaberrometer and/or aberroscope, and/or a Hartmann-Shack wavefrontsensor, etc. With this data and/or other data from a wavefront sensor, aperson's eye magnification can be mapped and/or the projected imagescalibrated to the correct size and/or location, which can ensure thatthe overlaid images will appear in the desired location in a person'svision. Temporal and/or spatial variations and/or aberrations in theoptical power of the eye can be measured by the wavefront sensor,providing sufficient information to adjust optical power of the lightsource and/or its associated optics to form one or more desired spots onthe retina.

Forming multiple spots on the retina of a person (or other animal) in acontrolled manner can form images that can be seen by the person asuseful data. Such images might be perceived as text, graphics,photographic images, animations, and/or video. Having the capability toproject such data onto the eye of a person via the use of a contact lenscan be useful and/or valuable because it can allow a data interface tobe worn by the person in a very small, light, and/or unobtrusivepackage, that is potentially unnoticed by others. Currently, such acapability for a person to observe such images can only be obtained byprojections systems located outside of the eye, which tend to be bulkyand/or heavier than desired head mounted displays, such as those sold bymany retail sources such as Amazon.com.

Forming multiple spots is one approach to having the person and/or userperceive seeing multiple spots. Another approach can be to scan a spotquickly over an area of the retina faster than the retina is sendingimages to the brain. For example, if a single spot was moved around in acircular pattern at a rate of speed of 200 complete circles per second,the typical user would see a solid circle rather than a spot travellingin a circular motion. For example, complex images and/or graphics can becreated by rapidly tracing the path of the spot over the desired shapeof one or more graphics to be produced. To create one or more desiredgraphics, one could utilize a single light source and spot, a singlelight source broken into several beams by using beam splitters, thusforming into multiple spots, and/or multiple light sources and multiplespots. Generally speaking, the more spots that are used, the morecomplex the graphics can become. For example, if the number six followedby a period was desired (i.e., “6.”), the movement of the spot couldscan and/or trace those symbols, then the light source could be switchedoff while the optics repositioned the beam so that when the light sourcewas switched on again, it could be in the location of the period. Beforethe optics repositioned the beam to begin the tracing of the six, thelight source again could be switched off until the beam was aimed at thestarting point of the six, then switched on once there. This movementcould be rapidly repeated for as long as that particular graphic wasdesired.

In light of the above, it can be desirable to be able to adjust theoptical power of the lenses used to focus the projected spot on theretina being created by a light source within a contact lens.Additionally, it can be desirable to be able to adjust the verticaland/or horizontal direction of the projection to direct the projectedspots to the optimal location on the retina for a particular wearer ofthe lens. Furthermore, it can be desirable to be able to adjust thevertical and/or horizontal direction of the projection such that theprojected spot(s) is not simply static in one place, but can be quicklymoved about to other places on the retina to perform the duty ofmultiple spots.

Certain exemplary embodiments can adjust the focus of the projection ofthe spot of the light onto the retina. Certain exemplary embodiments cansteer the projected spot, or spots, of light to various locations on theretina, which can be useful for, e.g., conducting the visual field testused to track the occurrence and/or progression of glaucoma and/ordamage to the optic nerve of the wearer.

A light emitting diode (LED), an OLED, a micro light bulb, a laser,super luminescent diode or any other types of point-source lightgenerators, can be placed in a device capable of being placed in or onthe eye. These light sources can be very thin and/or can be moldedwithin the device itself by encapsulating it during the fabricationprocess An example method of encapsulation would be to locate the lightsource inside of a mold, then inject the molding material, which is in aliquid state, into the mold such that it flows all around the lightsource and fills the mold. Once the molding material has become solid,either by cooling or curing, the mold is opened and the device isremoved from the mold with the light source encapsulated within. The LEDcan be oriented to direct its light toward the inside of the eye.

The light being directed by the LED toward the inside of the eye can berefracted, or bent, a sufficient amount to allow the natural opticalstructures of the eye to bring the light to a point of focus on theretina. This can be accomplished by the use of a conventional refractivelens working in conjunction with an electro-active lens, or by providingan electro-active lens without a conventional lens. The electro-activelens can be either a focusing lens, a steering lens, or a combination ofboth types. If both types are used, the steering lens can be capable ofsteering light in at least two directions, preferably orthogonal to eachother.

When it is desired to create only a single point source of light on theretina by a single LED, for example when a single on/off indicator pointis needed to alert the user of an external on/off event such as that acar is in the driver's blind spot when driving, the focusingelectro-active lens can be adjusted to fine tune the overall opticalsystem, which can include the LED, the electro-active lens (and possiblythe conventional lens), and/or the optical structures of the user's eyeto achieve a optimum spot size on the retina. The optimum spot size onthe retina generally can be thought of as being the smallest possiblesize, but it also can be desirable to have the spot size be notnecessarily the smallest possible size, and it might need to be larger,depending upon the application. For example, in the on/off drivingindicator use described above, a larger dot might be wanted to increasevisibility of the dot. However, in situations where multiple dots areused to form text, a combination of smaller dots might be desired so asto create sharper, less defocused images with greater resolution. If theLED is activated without the electro-active lens activated, the spotsize is desired to be smaller, and/or the point of focus of the lightfrom the LED occurs before the light reaches the retina, then theelectro-active lens can introduce negative, or diverging optical power.If the point of focus has not yet occurred by the time the light reachesthe retina, then the electro-active lens can introduce positive, orconverging optical power.

This basic assembly can be replicated for two or more LEDs, such as tocreate an array of any closed geometric shape. Such an array can projectimages on the retina such that each LED contributes one pixel ofobserved light on the retina.

If the light from one or more LEDs is not forming spots in the desiredlocation of the retina, then the steering electro-active lenses candirect the spots to the desired location by tipping and/or tilting.

The electro-active steering lenses can allow one or more LEDs to performthe duty of two or more pixels. By steering the light from an LED, thespot can “write” a complex image on the retina. The pattern of spots canbe controlled by a controller (such as a microprocessor, programmablelogic controller, field programmable gate array, and/or an applicationspecific integrated circuit, etc., known to those skilled in the art ofcomputer electronics. The controller can be either embedded inside ofthe contact lens, by encapsulation during the molding process when thecontact lens is fabricated or located outside of the contact lens and incommunication with the contact lens, such as via wires and/or wirelesscommunication devices, mechanisms, and/or processes that are known tothose skilled in the art of wireless communication electronics. Thecontroller can be electronic circuitry known to those skilled in the artof making and programming graphics displays.

The images can be created by standard graphics software widely used oncomputers, such as PaintShop or Paint, and/or can be in any known fileformat, such as BMP, GIF, PNG, TIFF, JPG, PSP, PSD, EXIF, RAW, CGM, SVG,PPT, VML, HPGL, ODG, DWG, DXF, VRML, 3DXML, STL, U3D, PICT, PDF, MPO,PNS, JPS, HTML, HTML5, SWF, AVI, MOV, WMV, MPEG, MP4, RM, and/or Ogg,etc.

The writing can be done with the light being produced in a continuouslyon mode, and/or the light can be pulsed to produce the effect of adiscreetly pixilated image. Several of such devices can work inconjunction so that each individual device can perform the work ofcreating a portion of the desired image while the other devices fill inthe remaining portions, and/or the single LED working in conjunctionwith the electro-active steering lens can perform the job of creatingthe entire image.

Multiple LEDs, each potentially providing light that has a color that isdifferent from the color of the light provided by one or more of theothers, can be used to create color images on the retina. Single colorimages might be adequate for simple information such as text-onlymessages, yet color images might add more richness to the information bybeing able to, e.g., change the color of text and/or words that theuser's attention must be drawn to. For example, if projecting drivinginformation to the wearer, a low fuel level can be projected to thewearer with a higher level of urgency if the fuel level information wasprojected in a color different from other commonly and/or concurrentlydisplayed colors. In another example, video streams can be much morepleasing and/or entertaining if presented in multiple colors rather thana single color, much like, for many viewers, color TV is often morepleasing than black and white TV.

Via certain exemplary embodiments, single and/or multiple LEDs can beused to generate multiple images that can appear to the wearer as beingsimultaneously presented. Thus, continuing with the automobile driverexample, one LED can display a single color icon indicating a low fuelwarning, and/or multiple LEDs can present a color “rear-view mirror”video-type display.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide for device switchingmechanisms, such as switches to turn on or off certain types of images,displays, LED arrays, and/or LEDs. Some such switches can be activatedby the controller based on the relative and/or absolute direction of awearer's gaze, while others can be activated depending on the relativeand/or absolute position and/or movement direction of a user's head,body, vehicle, etc. For example, the above described color “rear-viewmirror” video-type display could be presented only when the user shiftstheir gaze toward the upper right and/or looks in the traditionaldirection of a rear view mirror as seen by a driver, perhaps only whilethe wearer is driving, or perhaps at any time (e.g., “I now have eyes inthe back of my head”). As another example, an image could be renderedonly upon the occurrence of a particular event, such as the receipt of acommunication (e.g., e-mail, text message, reminder, alarm, etc.), thedetection and/or recognition of a predetermined and/or unexpected sound,the expiration of a timer, the crossing of a geo-fence, the positioningof a user within a predetermined distance of a given entity (e.g.,object, person, animal, etc.), a low light situation (e.g., rendering awearer's surroundings as detected via an infrared and/or night visioncamera), and/or the detection of a change in a predetermined state ofthe wearer and/or another person and/or animal (e.g., a rise in theuser's blood pressure beyond a predetermined limit, a seizure incident,an undesired level of blood glucose, insulin, and/or other predeterminedsubstance (e.g., a neurotransmitter, hormone, nutrient, pharmaceutical,environmental substance (e.g., oxygen, carbon monoxide, etc.), etc.),the transition of the wearer or another entity (such as an infant orpatient) to an awake state (e.g., providing a status update to thewearer in reaction to a change in a particular type of macroscopicneural oscillation), etc.), etc.

Certain exemplary embodiments can couple an image with audioinformation, such as information delivered to a wearer via a speaker,headset, earbud(s), hearing aid, and/or cochlear implant, etc. Forexample, a low fuel warning image could be preceded, accompanied, and/orfollowed by a related audible low fuel warning delivered via an earbudand/or automobile speaker.

Likewise, certain exemplary embodiments can couple an image with haptic(e.g., tactioceptive (touch), proprioceptive (relative body and/or jointmotion), thermoceptive (temperature), nociceptive (pain),equilibrioceptive (balance), kinesthesioceptive (acceleration),chemoreceptive (gustation, olfaction, etc.), magnetoceptive (direction),chronoceptive (perception of time), etc.) information, such asinformation delivered to a wearer via a vibrator, tactor, data glove,heater, cooler, airstream, force feedback mechanism, ultrasoundtransducers, etc. For example, a visual image communicating a low fuelwarning could be preceded, accompanied, and/or followed by a relatedhaptic communication delivered via a vibrotactile effector such as avibrator and/or tactor.

FIG. 1a is a front view of an eye 1 of a human from the perspective oflooking directly through contact lens 3 into the cornea of that human'shead while that head is oriented in an upright position (e.g., theopening of the human's nostrils would be oriented downwards (i.e.,toward the phrase “FIG. 1a ”) such that the longitudinal axis of thehuman's nose would be oriented parallel to section A-A.

For purposes of clarity, FIG. 1b , FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 are cross-sectiondrawings of the eye, limiting the optical depictions to two dimensions.Those skilled in the art of optics understand this drawing conventionand can relate these to three dimensional optical effects in the realworld optical systems.

FIG. 1b is a cross-section taken along section A-A of FIG. 1a , andshows an Eye 35 of a person, with Light Beams 5 entering Eye 35, andcoming to focus at Point 20. Point 20 can be the fovea of Eye 35, whichcan be the center of vision of Eye 35. The densest concentration ofphotoreceptors in Eye 35 can be found in Retina 40. Light Beams 5 canpass through Contact Lens 10 and be refracted somewhat, then can passthrough Cornea 15 and be refracted an additional amount. Light SourceAssembly 25 can be embedded inside of Contact Lens 10. Light Source 25can provide a point source of light that can be directed toward Retina40, and after passing through Cornea 15, can continue to be a Beam ofLight 30 that can form a point of light on Retina 40. When the point oflight is desired to be perceived in the center of the person's field ofview, the point of light can be formed at Point 20. If the point oflight forms elsewhere on Retina 40, e.g., outside the fovea centralisand/or the macula, such as in a peripheral regions, on the parafoveabelt, and/or the perifovea outer region, it can be perceived in theperson's peripheral view.

FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken at section A-A of FIG. 1a , and showsEye 35 and Beam of Light 30 directed toward Retina 40 at a slightlydifferent angle, resulting in a point of light forming at Point 45,slightly above Point 20. This will be perceived by the person as a pointof light that is below the center of their field of view (not perceivedabove because the actual images produced on the retina are inverted, andthe brain sorts out the up and down orientation).

FIG. 3 is a cross-section taken at section A-A of FIG. 1a , and showsEye 35 and Light Source 25 providing a point source of light directedtoward Retina 40, and after passing through Cornea 15, can become a Coneof Light 45 that forms a Blob of Light on Retina 40. The upper and lowerboundaries of the Blob of Light are above and below Point 20. In thiscondition the user would perceive a diffuse circle of light larger thana point of light.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram that shows certain major components of anexemplary embodiment of a light source module 400. Light Source 50,which can produce light, can be an LED or some other type of lightemitting source such as a OLED. Collimating Lens 55 can provide opticalpower to focus the light emitting from Light Source 50 from a widelydiverging beam to a less diverging beam that is close to the averageoptical divergence required to pass through the eye and form a point oflight on the retina. The optical focus power at the cornea can beminimal because the light source can be in physical contact with thecontact lens and/or cornea, so the major optical power to contend withcan be that provided by the crystalline lens of the eye. This lenstypically provides between 5 and 15 diopters of optical power. Somepeople's eyes have more or less optical power than the average, soElectroactive Lens 60 can provide the adjustable optical power requiredto compensate, within this typical range of approximately 5 andapproximately 15 diopters, for the more or less optical power so as toform the desired small spot size on the retina. Electroactive Prism 65can provide adjustable beam steering to direct the spot of light tovarious locations on the retina. An exemplary beam steeringconfiguration can be to have the prism provide up/down steering andside-to-side steering. This can utilize two layers of liquid crystal,one layer for the up/down and a second layer for side-to-side.Controller 70 can control light source 50, electro-active lens 60,and/or electro-active prism 65. Controller 70 can be powered via batteryand/or wirelessly.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a layer of an electroactive prism 500.Substrate 115 can be made from a clear glass or plastic material (forexample soda lime glass), then a pattern of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)having a resistance of between approximately 5 and approximately 10,000ohms per square, such as approximately 100 ohms per square can be placedon the surface of substrate 115 by lithography. In an exemplary device,the glass can be approximately 1 mm tall by approximately 1 mm wide, byapproximately 50 microns thick but could be between approximately 0.05mm and approximately 3 mm in width and/or height, and/or betweenapproximately 5 and approximately 1,000 microns in thickness. As shownfor this particular embodiment, nine ITO electrodes 70 through 110 canbe patterned onto the surface of glass 115 [?], each potentially beingapproximately 0.08 mm wide by approximately 0.9 mm in length, with anapproximately 3 micron gap between each but could be betweenapproximately 0.01 and approximately 1 mm wide by 0.05 mm and/or 3 mm inlength. Each electrode can have an electrical connection lead 120attached to one end. In this figure, only electrode 70 shows anelectrical connection, but all the electrodes can have one. Aninsulation layer such as silicone dioxide can be placed over the surfaceof the substrate 115, then an alignment layer such as polyimide can beplaced over the insulation layer, then rubbed. The placement,composition, and rubbing of these layers are known to those skilled inthe art of liquid crystal lens making. A second substrate of similarsize (not shown), with a coating of ITO on it, can be placed over thesurface of Substrate 115 and attached to it, potentially with adhesive,but possibly only in the areas where no electrodes exist. Mixed withinthe adhesive can be spacer beads of a consistent diameter, such asapproximately 10 microns (but they could range in size betweenapproximately 1 and approximately 50 microns), whose purpose can be tocreate a uniform gap between the two substrates. Liquid Crystal can bedeposited in the approximately space created by the beads between thetwo substrates.

FIG. 6 is a cross section taken at section B-B of FIG. 5 and shows anelectroactive prism 600. Substrate 115 can be bonded to Substrate 125with Adhesive 130, forming Gap 135, which can be filled with liquidcrystal. Electrodes 70 through 110 are shown.

An electrical potential can be applied across any of electrodes 70through 110 on one side of the circuit, and the ITO layer of Substrate125 on the other side of the circuit. Each of electrodes 70 through 110can be individually addressed with a unique electrical voltage value.The voltages can be between approximately zero and approximately 10volts, and/or can have a substantially square waveform with a frequencyof approximately 100 hertz. When approximately zero volts are applied tothe electrodes, the molecules of liquid crystal filling gap 135 canalign themselves to the orientation of the rub direction of thealignment layer and/or exhibit a desired index of refraction. When anelectric voltage is applied across the electrodes on Substrate 115 andthe ITO layer of Substrate 125, the electric field can causes themolecules to turn in the direction of the electric field. A small amountof electrical voltage, for example approximately 1.5 volts, can causethe liquid crystal molecules to turn a partial amount away from thealignment layer, and a large amount of electrical voltage, for exampleapproximately 5 volts, can cause the molecules to turn all the way awayfrom the alignment layer. The greater the amount of turning away fromthe alignment layer, the higher the index of refraction typically willbe for the liquid crystal. The amount of turning is typically an analogamount based upon the analog potential value of the electrical voltage,so the amount of change of index of refraction can be controlled bychanging the voltage potential in an analog and/or continuously varyingmanner. If a gradient of voltages were to be applied to the electrodes,for example electrode 70 can have approximately 1.5 volts, electrode 75approximately 1.6 volts, electrode 80 approximately 1.7 volts, and soon, the index of refraction of the liquid crystal can be lower in thezone around electrode 70, more in the zone near electrode 75, and so on.In a condition like this, a wavefront of light passing through the prismcan be tilted upward. As the voltage gradient is increased, the amountof tilting can be increased. In this manner, the wavefront can be tiltedin an analog and/or continuously varying manner. Incoming light beam 150can become exiting light beam 155, tilted upward. Two of such devicescan be utilized, placed orthogonal to each other, such that one devicecan tilt the light up/down, and/or the other device can tilt the lightside-to-side. Such devices also can be made such that the electrodes arecircular rather than linear, which can allow for spherical focus changesto be made rather than tip/tilting. Spherical focus changes can beutilized for adding or subtracting optical power to the wavefront oflight to create a point of light on the retina. Tip/tilt changes can beutilized to direct the point of light to various locations on theretina.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 7000. Atactivity 7100, light can be emitted from a light sourced embedded in acontact lens toward a retina of a wearer of the contact lens. Atactivity 7200, the light source and/or its emitted light can beswitched, such as to cause and/or interrupt the emission of the light.At activity 7300, the light can be dynamically focused, such as onto theretina, such as via an electro-active lens. Before, during, and/or afterreaching the electro-active lens, the light can be focused via a lenshaving a fixed optical power. At activity 7400, the light can bedynamically steered, such as to one or more predetermined locations onthe retina. At activity 7500, the light can be scanned across one ormore predetermined regions of the retina. At activity 7600, the lightcan generate and/or render one or more images on the retina.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an informationdevice 8000, such as controller 70 of FIG. 4. Information device 8000can comprise any of numerous transform circuits, which can be formed viaany of numerous communicatively-, electrically-, magnetically-,optically-, fluidically-, and/or mechanically-coupled physicalcomponents, such as for example, one or more network interfaces 8100,one or more processors 8200, one or more memories 8300 containinginstructions 8400, one or more input/output (I/O) devices 8500, and/orone or more user interfaces 8600 coupled to I/O device 8500, etc.

In certain exemplary embodiments, via one or more user interfaces 8600,such as a graphical user interface, a user can view a rendering ofinformation related to researching, designing, modeling, creating,developing, building, manufacturing, operating, maintaining, storing,marketing, selling, delivering, selecting, specifying, requesting,ordering, receiving, returning, rating, and/or recommending any of theproducts, services, methods, user interfaces, and/or informationdescribed herein.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via light from alight source, generating and/or rendering a detectable image on a regionof a retina.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a device comprising:

-   -   a contact lens;    -   a contact lens adapted to render one or more predetermined        images;    -   a contact lens adapted to render one or more portions of one or        more predetermined images to a wearer of the contact lens;    -   the contact lens comprising:        -   a first light source;        -   a first light source embedded in and/or mounted to the            contact lens;        -   a first light source embedded in and/or mounted to the            contact lens, the first light source adapted to emit light            toward a retina of the wearer;        -   an electro-active lens;        -   an electro-active lens adapted to focus the light onto the            retina;        -   an electro-active lens adapted to adjustably focus the light            onto the retina;        -   an electro-active lens adapted to dynamically focus the            light onto the retina;        -   an electro-active lens adapted to dynamically adjustably            focus the light onto the retina;        -   an electro-active prism;        -   an electro-active prism adapted to steer the light;        -   an electro-active prism adapted to dynamically steer the            light;        -   an electro-active prism adapted to adjustably steer the            light;        -   an electro-active prism adapted to steer the light in two            orthogonal coordinate directions and toward one or more            predetermined locations on the retina; and        -   an electro-active prism adapted to dynamically adjustably            steer the light in two orthogonal coordinate directions and            toward one or more predetermined locations on the retina;            and        -   a controller adapted to:            -   control emission of the light from the light source;            -   dynamically control emission of the light from the light                source;            -   control focusing of the light by the electro-active                lens;            -   dynamically control focusing of the light by the                electro-active lens;            -   control steering of the light by the electro-active                prism; and/or            -   dynamically control steering of the light by the                electro-active prism;    -   the device further comprising:        -   a power source for the contact lens;        -   a power source wirelessly coupled to the contact lens;        -   a gaze detector;        -   an eye position detector; and/or        -   an object position detector;    -   the contact lens further comprising:        -   a second light source adapted to emit light;        -   a second light source adapted to emit light having a            different color than light emitted by the first light            source;        -   a second light source adapted to emit light for generating a            different image than that of the first light source;        -   a collimating lens located in an optical path between the            first light source and the electro-active lens;        -   a collimating lens adapted to provide a fixed optical power            to the light;        -   a first electro-active prism layer adapted to steer the            light with respect to a first coordinate direction;        -   a first electro-active prism layer adapted to adjustably            steer the light with respect to a first coordinate            direction;        -   a second electro-active prism layer adapted to steer the            light;        -   a second electro-active prism layer adapted to adjustably            steer the light with respect to a second coordinate            direction;        -   a second electro-active prism layer adapted to adjustably            steer the light with respect to a second coordinate            direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first            coordinate direction;        -   a first electro-active prism layer adapted to steer the            light;        -   a first electro-active prism layer adapted to adjustably            steer the light;        -   a first electro-active prism layer adapted to adjustably            steer the light with respect to a first radial direction;        -   a first electro-active prism layer adapted to adjustably            steer the light with respect to a first angular direction;            and/or        -   a beam splitter adapted to divide the light into multiple            beams;    -   wherein:        -   the controller is embedded inside the contact lens;        -   the controller is adapted to communicate with the first            light source;        -   the controller is adapted to wirelessly communicate with the            first light source;        -   the controller is adapted to communicate with the            electro-active lens;        -   the controller is adapted to wirelessly communicate with the            electro-active lens;        -   the controller is adapted to communicate with the            electro-active prism;        -   the controller is adapted to wirelessly communicate with the            electro-active prism;        -   the first light source is a light emitting diode;        -   the first light source is an organic light emitting diode;        -   the controller is adapted to control emission of the light;        -   the controller is adapted to control emission of the light            in a variable manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control emission of the light            in a continuously variable manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control emission of the light            in a pulsed manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control emission of the light            in a discrete manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control emission of the light            in a discrete pulsed manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control optical power;        -   the controller is adapted to control optical power in a            variable manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control optical power in a            continuously variable manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control focus of the light;        -   the controller is adapted to control focus of the light in a            variable manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control focus of the light in a            continuously variable manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control steering of the light;        -   the controller is adapted to control steering of the light            in a variable manner;        -   the controller is adapted to control steering of the light            in a continuously variable manner;        -   the electro-active lens comprises a plurality of electrodes;        -   the electro-active lens comprises a plurality of circular            electrodes;        -   the electro-active lens comprises a plurality of            non-circular electrodes;        -   the electro-active lens provides spherical focus changes;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in gaze direction of the wearer;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in an absolute gaze direction of the            wearer;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in a relative gaze direction of the            wearer;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in position of the eye;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in absolute position of the eye;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in relative position of the eye;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in position of a predetermined object;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in absolute position of a predetermined            object;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to a change in relative position of a predetermined            object;        -   the controller is adapted to switch emission of the light in            response to an occurrence of a predetermined event;        -   the controller is adapted to couple a switch in emission of            the light with a predetermined action;        -   the controller is adapted to coordinate a switch in emission            of the light with a predetermined action;        -   the predetermined location on the retina is outside of the            macula.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide method comprising:

-   -   generating an image on a retina;    -   generating an image on a predetermined region of a retina;    -   generating an image on a adjustable region of a retina;    -   generating an image on a predetermined and adjustable region of        a retina;    -   generating a detectable image on a retina;    -   generating an adjustably focused detectable image on a retina;    -   generating an adjustably focused detectable image on the        predetermined and adjustable region of a retina;    -   via light adjustably emitted from a light source embedded in a        contact lens being worn on an eye of a wearer of the contact        lens, generating an adjustably focused detectable image on the        predetermined and adjustable region of a retina;    -   via light adjustably emitted from a light source embedded in a        contact lens being worn on an eye of a wearer of the contact        lens and scanned across a predetermined and adjustable region of        a retina of the wearer, generating an adjustably focused        detectable image on the predetermined and adjustable region of a        retina;    -   emitting the light generally toward the retina;    -   switching the light;    -   controlling emission of the light from the light source;    -   dynamically controlling emission of the light from the light        source;    -   providing a fixed optical power to the light;    -   focusing the light;    -   dynamically focusing the light;    -   controlling focusing of the light by an electro-active lens in        an optical path of the light;    -   dynamically controlling focusing of the light by an        electro-active lens in an optical path of the light;    -   steering the light;    -   dynamically steering the light;    -   control steering of the light by the electro-active prism;    -   dynamically control steering of the light by the electro-active        prism;    -   scanning the light across the retina; and/or    -   scanning the light across the predetermined and adjustable        region of the retina.

Definitions

When the following phrases are used substantively herein, theaccompanying definitions apply. These phrases and definitions arepresented without prejudice, and, consistent with the application, theright to redefine these phrases via amendment during the prosecution ofthis application or any application claiming priority hereto isreserved. For the purpose of interpreting a claim of any patent thatclaims priority hereto, each definition in that patent functions as aclear and unambiguous disavowal of the subject matter outside of thatdefinition.

-   -   a—at least one.    -   aberration—one or more limitations and/or defects in an optical        component, such as a lens and/or mirror, that is contacted by a        plurality of light rays, such limitations and/or defects        preventing the light rays from converging at one focus and        potentially due to, e.g., the optical component comprising one        or more surfaces that are not perfectly planar, such as one or        more spherical surfaces.    -   absolute—something that is conceived or that exists        independently and not in relation to other things; something        that does not depend on anything else and is beyond human        control; and/or something that is not relative.    -   acquire—to obtain, get, import, receive, and/or gain possession        of.    -   across—from one side to another.    -   action—(n) a deed, act, activity, performance of a deed, act,        and/or activity, and/or something done and/or accomplished. (v)        to perform a deed, act, and/or activity.    -   activity—an action, act, step, and/or process or portion        thereof.    -   adapted to—suitable, fit, and/or capable of performing a        specified function.    -   adapter—a device used to effect operative compatibility between        different parts of one or more pieces of an apparatus or system.    -   adjust—to change so as to match, fit, adapt, conform, and/or be        in a more effective state.    -   align—to adjust substantially into a proper orientation and/or        location with respect to another thing.    -   an—at least one.    -   and—in conjunction with.    -   and/or—either in conjunction with or in alternative to.    -   angular—measured by an angle and/or by degrees of an arc.    -   apparatus—an appliance or device for a particular purpose    -   associate—to join, connect together, and/or relate.    -   auto-focus—a system in a camera that automatically adjusts the        lens so that the object being photographed is in focus, often        using a time delay associated with reflecting infrared light off        of the object to estimate the distance of the object from the        camera.    -   automatic—performed via an information device in a manner        essentially independent of influence and/or control by a user.        For example, an automatic light switch can turn on upon “seeing”        a person in its “view”, without the person manually operating        the light switch.    -   beam of light—a projection of light radiating from a source.    -   beam splitter—a device adapted to split or join a light beam        into or from two or more beams that differ in wavelength,        polarity, and/or direction.    -   being—existing.    -   between—in a separating interval and/or intermediate to.    -   Boolean logic—a complete system for logical operations.    -   border—to be located and/or positioned adjacent to an outer        edge, surface, and/or extent of an object.    -   bound—(n) a boundary, limit, and/or further extent of; (v) to        limit an extent.    -   bus—an electrical conductor that makes a common connection        between a plurality of circuits.    -   by—via and/or with the use and/or help of    -   can—is capable of, in at least some embodiments.    -   capture—to sense, receive, obtain, enter, store, and/or record        information and/or data in memory.    -   cause—to bring about, provoke, precipitate, produce, elicit, be        the reason for, result in, and/or effect.    -   change—(v.) to cause to be different; (n.) the act, process,        and/or result of altering and/or modifying.    -   circuit—a physical system comprising, depending on context: an        electrically conductive pathway, an information transmission        mechanism, and/or a communications connection, the pathway,        mechanism, and/or connection established via a switching device        (such as a switch, relay, transistor, and/or logic gate, etc.);        and/or an electrically conductive pathway, an information        transmission mechanism, and/or a communications connection, the        pathway, mechanism, and/or connection established across two or        more switching devices comprised by a network and between        corresponding end systems connected to, but not comprised by the        network.    -   circular—a substantially round shape in which all points on a        perimeter of the shape are substantially equidistant from a        center of the shape.    -   co-operate—to work, act, and/or function together and/or in        harmony, as opposed to separately and/or in competition.    -   collimate—to make parallel.    -   color—(n.) a visual property dependent on the reflection or        absorption of light from a given surface that has        characteristics of hue, intensity, and value; (v.) to change a        visual property dependent on the reflection or absorption of        light from a given surface that has characteristics of hue,        intensity, and value.    -   comprising—including but not limited to.    -   concentric—having a common central axis.    -   conductor—an electrically conductive material and/or component        adapted to apply a voltage to an electro-active material.    -   configure—to make suitable or fit for a specific use or        situation.    -   connect—to join or fasten together.    -   contact—to physically touch and/or come together.    -   contact lens—a substantially transparent ophthalmic device that        fits over the cornea of the eye, that floats on the tears of the        eye, and/or is held in place by one or more eyelids.    -   containing—including but not limited to.    -   contiguous—neighboring and/or adjacent.    -   continuously—in a manner uninterrupted in time, sequence,        substance, and/or extent.    -   contrast—the difference in brightness between the light and dark        areas of an image, such as a photograph and/or video image.    -   control—(n) a mechanical and/or electronic device used to        operate a machine within predetermined limits; (v) to exercise        authoritative and/or dominating influence over, cause to act in        a predetermined manner, direct, adjust to a requirement, and/or        regulate.    -   controller—a device and/or set of machine-readable instructions        for performing one or more predetermined and/or user-defined        tasks. A controller can comprise any one or a combination of        hardware, firmware, and/or software. A controller can utilize        mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, magnetic, optical,        informational, chemical, and/or biological principles, signals,        and/or inputs to perform the task(s). In certain embodiments, a        controller can act upon information by manipulating, analyzing,        modifying, converting, transmitting the information for use by        an executable procedure and/or an information device, and/or        routing the information to an output device. A controller can be        a central processing unit, a local controller, a remote        controller, parallel controllers, and/or distributed        controllers, etc. The controller can be a general-purpose        microcontroller, such the Pentium IV series of microprocessor        manufactured by the Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif.,        and/or the HCO8 series from Motorola of Schaumburg, Ill. In        another embodiment, the controller can be an Application        Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a Field Programmable Gate        Array (FPGA) that has been designed to implement in its hardware        and/or firmware at least a part of an embodiment disclosed        herein.    -   convert—to transform, adapt, and/or change.    -   coordinate—any of a set of two or more numbers used to determine        the position of a point, line, curve, or plane in a space of a        given dimension with respect to a system of lines or other fixed        references.    -   corresponding—related, associated, accompanying, similar in        purpose and/or position, conforming in every respect, and/or        equivalent and/or agreeing in amount, quantity, magnitude,        quality, and/or degree.    -   couple—to join, connect, and/or link by any known approach,        including mechanical, fluidic, acoustic, electrical, magnetic,        and/or optical, etc. approaches.    -   coupleable—capable of being joined, connected, and/or linked        together.    -   coupled—connected or linked by any known means, including        mechanical, fluidic, acoustic, electrical, magnetic, and/or        optical, etc.    -   coupling—linking in some fashion.    -   coupling—linking in some fashion.    -   create—to bring into being.    -   data—distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a        special or predetermined way and/or organized to express        concepts, and/or represented in a form suitable for processing        by an information device.    -   data structure—an organization of a collection of data that        allows the data to be manipulated effectively and/or a logical        relationship among data elements that is designed to support        specific data manipulation functions. A data structure can        comprise meta data to describe the properties of the data        structure. Examples of data structures can include: array,        dictionary, graph, hash, heap, linked list, matrix, object,        queue, ring, stack, tree, and/or vector.    -   define—to establish the outline, form, and/or structure of    -   deposit—to put, lay, place, position, and/or set down; and/or to        fasten, fix, and/or secure.    -   detect—to sense, perceive, identify, discover, ascertain,        respond to, and/or receive the existence, presence, and/or fact        of.    -   determine—to find out, obtain, calculate, decide, deduce,        ascertain, and/or come to a decision, typically by        investigation, reasoning, and/or calculation.    -   device—a machine, manufacture, and/or collection thereof.    -   different—changed, distinct, and/or separate.    -   diffraction—the bending of a light ray in passing an edge formed        by contiguous opaque and transparent edges.    -   digital—non-analog and/or discrete.    -   direction—a spatial relation between something and a course        along which it points and/or moves; a distance independent        relationship between two points in space that specifies the        position of either with respect to the other; and/or a        relationship by which the alignment and/or orientation of any        position with respect to any other position is established.    -   discrete—separate, distinct, and/or individual.    -   distance—a measure of physical separation.    -   diverge—to go or extend in different directions from a common        point.    -   divide—to separate and/or segregate.    -   dynamically—on demand, as necessary, and/or in an interactive        manner wherein a current state is dependent on a past and/or        future input and/or output.    -   edge—a periphery, border, and/or boundary.    -   electric—powered by electricity.    -   electrically—of, relating to, producing, or operated by        electricity.    -   electrically coupled—connected in a manner adapted to allow a        flow of electricity therebetween.    -   electro-active—a branch of technology concerning the interaction        between various properties and electrical and/or electronic        states of materials and/or involving components, devices,        systems, and/or processes that operate by modifying the certain        properties of a material by applying to it an electrical and/or        magnetic field. Sub-branches of this technology include, but are        not limited to, electro-optics.    -   electro-active element—a component that utilizes an        electro-active effect, such as an electro-active filter,        reflector, lens, shutter, liquid crystal retarder, active (i.e.,        non-passive) polarity filter, electro-active element that is        movable via an electro-active actuator, and/or conventional lens        movable by an electro-active actuator.    -   electro-optic—a branch of technology concerning the interaction        between the electromagnetic (optical) and the electrical        (electronic) states of materials and/or involving components,        devices, systems, and/or processes that operate by modifying the        optical properties of a material by applying to it an electrical        field.    -   electrode—a conductor through which an electric current enters        and/or leaves a substance whose electrical characteristics are        being measured, used, and/or manipulated; a terminal point in a        transistor, diode, and/or battery; and/or an electrically        conducting element that emits and/or collects electrons and/or        ions and/or controls their movement by means of an electric        field applied to it.    -   emanate—to emit, radiate, and/or shine.    -   embed—to implant, fix, and/or set securely and/or deeply.    -   emission—the result of emitting.    -   emit—to give off, send forth, and/or discharge.    -   estimate—(n) a calculated value approximating an actual        value; (v) to calculate and/or determine approximately and/or        tentatively.    -   etch—to wear away the surface of material (such as a metal,        glass, etc.) by chemical action, such as the action of an acid.    -   event—an occurrence and/or happening.    -   eye—an organ of vision and/or light sensitivity; and/or either        of a pair of hollow structures located in bony sockets of the        skull, functioning together or independently, each having a lens        capable of focusing incident light on an internal photosensitive        retina from which nerve impulses are sent to the brain.    -   far—a CTO distance of at least approximately 3 or more meters.    -   field—a region of space characterized by a physical property,        such as gravitational or electromagnetic force or fluid        pressure, having a determinable value at every point in the        region.    -   field of view—a range of space over which a camera can obtain an        image and/or the angle between two rays passing through the        perspective center (rear nodal point) of a camera lens to the        two opposite sides of the format.    -   first—an initial entity in an ordering of entities and/or        immediately preceding the second in an ordering.    -   fixed—a stable and/or unalterable form.    -   flat—having a substantially planar major face and/or having a        relatively broad surface in relation to thickness or depth.    -   focus—to cause energy and/or light to concentrate and/or        converge.    -   for—with a purpose of    -   form—to produce, make, create, generate, construct, and/or        shape.    -   Fresnel lens—a thin optical lens comprising concentric rings of        segmental lenses.    -   from—used to indicate a source, origin, and/or location thereof.    -   further—in addition.    -   gaze—to look and/or a direction one is looking.    -   generate—to create, produce, give rise to, and/or bring into        existence.    -   gradient—a rate of change with respect to distance of a variable        quantity.    -   grid—a network of lines, real or conceptual, that cross each        other to form a series of regular shapes.    -   haptic—involving the human sense of kinesthetic movement and/or        the human sense of touch. Among the many potential haptic        experiences are numerous sensations, body-positional differences        in sensations, and time-based changes in sensations that are        perceived at least partially in non-visual, non-audible, and        non-olfactory manners, including the experiences of tactile        touch (being touched), active touch, grasping, pressure,        friction, traction, slip, stretch, force, torque, impact,        puncture, vibration, motion, acceleration, jerk, pulse,        orientation, limb position, gravity, texture, gap, recess,        viscosity, pain, itch, moisture, temperature, thermal        conductivity, and thermal capacity.    -   having—possessing, characterized by, comprising, and/or        including, but not limited to.    -   human-machine interface—hardware and/or software adapted to        render information to a user and/or receive information from the        user; and/or a user interface.    -   illuminate—to provide and/or brighten with light.    -   image—an at least two-dimensional representation of an object,        entity, and/or phenomenon. Multiple images can be presented in a        predetermined and timed sequence to recreate and/or produce an        appearance of movement.    -   impinge—to collide and/or strike.    -   including—including but not limited to.    -   index of refraction—a measure of the extent to which a substance        slows down light waves passing through it. The index of        refraction of a substance is equal to the ratio of the velocity        of light in a vacuum to its speed in that substance. Its value        determines the extent to which light is refracted when entering        or leaving the substance.    -   indium tin oxide—a solid solution of indium(III) oxide (In2O3)        and tin(IV) oxide (SnO2), typically 90% In2O3, 10% SnO2 by        weight, that is typically transparent and colorless in thin        layers and can serve as a metal-like mirror in the infrared        region of the electro-magnetic spectrum. It is a widely used        transparent conducting oxide due to its electrical conductivity        and optical transparency. Thin films of indium tin oxide are        most commonly deposited on surfaces by electron beam        evaporation, physical vapor deposition, and/or a range of        sputter deposition techniques.    -   individually—of or relating to a distinct entity.    -   information device—any device capable of processing data and/or        information, such as any general purpose and/or special purpose        computer, such as a personal computer, workstation, server,        minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer, computer terminal,        laptop, tablet computer (such as an iPad-like device), wearable        computer, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), mobile terminal,        Bluetooth device, communicator, “smart” phone (such as an        iPhone-like device), messaging service (e.g., Blackberry)        receiver, pager, facsimile, cellular telephone, traditional        telephone, telephonic device, embedded controller, programmed        microprocessor or microcontroller and/or peripheral integrated        circuit elements, ASIC or other integrated circuit, hardware        electronic logic circuit such as a discrete element circuit,        and/or programmable logic device such as a PLD, PLA, FPGA, or        PAL, or the like, etc. In general, any device on which resides a        finite state machine capable of implementing at least a portion        of a method, structure, and/or or graphical user interface        described herein may be used as an information device. An        information device can comprise components such as one or more        network interfaces, one or more processors, one or more memories        containing instructions, and/or one or more input/output (I/O)        devices, one or more user interfaces coupled to an I/O device,        etc. In information device can be a component of and/or augment        another device, such as an appliance, machine, tool, robot,        vehicle, television, printer, “smart” utility meter, etc.    -   initialize—to prepare something for use and/or some future        event.    -   input/output (I/O) device—any device adapted to provide input        to, and/or receive output from, an information device. Examples        can include an audio, visual, haptic, olfactory, and/or        taste-oriented device, including, for example, a monitor,        display, projector, overhead display, keyboard, keypad, mouse,        trackball, joystick, gamepad, wheel, touchpad, touch panel,        pointing device, microphone, speaker, video camera, camera,        scanner, printer, switch, relay, haptic device, vibrator,        tactile simulator, and/or tactile pad, potentially including a        port to which an I/O device can be attached or connected.    -   inside—within a predetermined boundary.    -   install—to connect or set in position and prepare for use.    -   instructions—directions, which can be implemented as hardware,        firmware, and/or software, the directions adapted to perform a        particular operation and/or function via creation and/or        maintenance of a predetermined physical circuit.    -   insulating—having a substantial resistance to the flow of        electrical current.    -   into—toward, in the direction of, and/or to the inside of.    -   is—to exist in actuality.    -   layer—a single thickness of a material covering a surface or        forming an overlying part or segment; a ply, strata, and/or        sheet; a stratum, course, lamina, coating or sheet that is        sufficiently recognizable as such regardless of the constituent        material involved; and/or a discontinuous material or materials        within a single plane having a single function.    -   lens—a piece of transparent substance, often glass and/or        plastic, having two opposite surfaces either both curved or one        curved and one plane, used in an optical device for changing the        convergence and/or focal point of light rays; and/or an optical        device that transmits light and is adapted to cause the light to        refract, concentrate, and/or diverge. A lens can be an        ophthalmic lens, such as a spectacle lens, an intra ocular lens,        and/or a contact lens.    -   light—electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength within a        range of approximately 300 nanometers to approximately 1000        nanometers, including any and all values and subranges        therebetween, such as from approximately 400 to approximately        700 nm, from the near infrared through the long wavelength, far        infrared, and/or from the ultraviolet to X-rays and/or gamma        rays.    -   light emitting diode (LED)—a semiconductor device that emits        (typically visible) light responsive to an applied electrical        conducting current.    -   light source—a device adapted to emit light responsive to an        applied electrical current.    -   liquid—a body of matter that exhibits a characteristic readiness        to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and relatively high        incompressibility, including pumpable and/or flowable slurries        and/or suspensions.    -   liquid crystal—any of various liquids in which the atoms or        molecules are regularly arrayed in either one dimension or two        dimensions, the order giving rise to optical properties, such as        anisotropic scattering, associated with the crystals.    -   locate—to place, set, find, and/or situate in a particular spot,        region, and/or position.    -   located—situated approximately in a particular spot and/or        position.    -   location—a place where, and/or substantially approximating        where, something physically exists.    -   logic gate—a physical device adapted to perform a logical        operation on one or more logic inputs and to produce a single        logic output, which is manifested physically. Because the output        is also a logic-level value, an output of one logic gate can        connect to the input of one or more other logic gates, and via        such combinations, complex operations can be performed. The        logic normally performed is Boolean logic and is most commonly        found in digital circuits. The most common implementations of        logic gates are based on electronics using resistors,        transistors, and/or diodes, and such implementations often        appear in large arrays in the form of integrated circuits        (a.k.a., IC's, microcircuits, microchips, silicon chips, and/or        chips). It is possible, however, to create logic gates that        operate based on vacuum tubes, electromagnetics (e.g., relays),        mechanics (e.g., gears), fluidics, optics, chemical reactions,        and/or DNA, including on a molecular scale. Each        electronically-implemented logic gate typically has two inputs        and one output, each having a logic level or state typically        physically represented by a voltage. At any given moment, every        terminal is in one of the two binary logic states (“false”        (a.k.a., “low” or “0”) or “true” (a.k.a., “high” or “1”),        represented by different voltage levels, yet the logic state of        a terminal can, and generally does, change often, as the circuit        processes data. Thus, each electronic logic gate typically        requires power so that it can source and/or sink currents to        achieve the correct output voltage. Typically,        machine-implementable instructions are ultimately encoded into        binary values of “0”s and/or “1”s and, are typically written        into and/or onto a memory device, such as a “register”, which        records the binary value as a change in a physical property of        the memory device, such as a change in voltage, current, charge,        phase, pressure, weight, height, tension, level, gap, position,        velocity, momentum, force, temperature, polarity, magnetic        field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation, reflectivity,        molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc. An exemplary register        might store a value of “01101100”, which encodes a total of 8        “bits” (one byte), where each value of either “0” or “1” is        called a “bit” (and 8 bits are collectively called a “byte”).        Note that because a binary bit can only have one of two        different values (either “0” or “1”), any physical medium        capable of switching between two saturated states can be used to        represent a bit. Therefore, any physical system capable of        representing binary bits is able to represent numerical        quantities, and potentially can manipulate those numbers via        particular encoded machine-implementable instructions. This is        one of the basic concepts underlying digital computing. At the        register and/or gate level, a computer does not treat these “0”s        and “1”s as numbers per se, but typically as voltage levels (in        the case of an electronically-implemented computer), for        example, a high voltage of approximately +3 volts might        represent a “1” or “logical true” and a low voltage of        approximately 0 volts might represent a “0” or “logical false”        (or vice versa, depending on how the circuitry is designed).        These high and low voltages (or other physical properties,        depending on the nature of the implementation) are typically fed        into a series of logic gates, which in turn, through the correct        logic design, produce the physical and logical results specified        by the particular encoded machine-implementable instructions.        For example, if the encoding request a calculation, the logic        gates might add the first two bits of the encoding together,        produce a result “1” (“0”+“1”=“1”), and then write this result        into another register for subsequent retrieval and reading. Or,        if the encoding is a request for some kind of service, the logic        gates might in turn access or write into some other registers        which would in turn trigger other logic gates to initiate the        requested service.    -   logical—a conceptual representation.    -   machine-implementable instructions—directions adapted to cause a        machine, such as an information device, to perform one or more        particular activities, operations, and/or functions via forming        a particular physical circuit. The directions, which can        sometimes form an entity called a “processor”, “kernel”,        “operating system”, “program”, “application”, “utility”,        “subroutine”, “script”, “macro”, “file”, “project”, “module”,        “library”, “class”, and/or “object”, etc., can be embodied        and/or encoded as machine code, source code, object code,        compiled code, assembled code, interpretable code, and/or        executable code, etc., in hardware, firmware, and/or software.    -   machine-readable medium—a physical structure from which a        machine, such as an information device, computer,        microprocessor, and/or controller, etc., can store one or more        machine-implementable instructions, data, and/or information        and/or obtain one or more stored machine-implementable        instructions, data, and/or information. Examples include a        memory device, punch card, player-piano scroll, etc.    -   macula—A minute area located near the center of the retina of        the eye, at which visual perception is most acute.    -   manner—a mode of action.    -   match—to mirror, resemble, harmonize, fit, correspond, and/or        determine a correspondence between, two or more values,        entities, and/or groups of entities.    -   material—a substance and/or composition.    -   may—is allowed and/or permitted to, in at least some        embodiments.    -   memory device—an apparatus capable of storing, sometimes        permanently, machine-implementable instructions, data, and/or        information, in analog and/or digital format. Examples include        at least one non-volatile memory, volatile memory, register,        relay, switch, Random Access Memory, RAM, Read Only Memory, ROM,        flash memory, magnetic media, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic        tape, optical media, optical disk, compact disk, CD, digital        versatile disk, DVD, and/or raid array, etc. The memory device        can be coupled to a processor and/or can store and provide        instructions adapted to be executed by processor, such as        according to an embodiment disclosed herein.    -   method—one or more acts that are performed upon subject matter        to be transformed to a different state or thing and/or are tied        to a particular apparatus, said one or more acts not a        fundamental principal and not pre-empting all uses of a        fundamental principal.    -   middle—a CTO distance within a range of approximately 0.7 to        approximately 1.3 meters.    -   more—a quantifier meaning greater in size, amount, extent,        and/or degree.    -   mount—(n) that upon which a thing is attached. (v) to couple,        fix, and/or attach on and/or to something.    -   multiple—more than one.    -   near—a CTO distance of less than approximately 0.2 meters.    -   network—a communicatively coupled plurality of nodes,        communication devices, and/or information devices. Via a        network, such nodes and/or devices can be linked, such as via        various wireline and/or wireless media, such as cables,        telephone lines, power lines, optical fibers, radio waves,        and/or light beams, etc., to share resources (such as printers        and/or memory devices), exchange files, and/or allow electronic        communications therebetween. A network can be and/or can utilize        any of a wide variety of sub-networks and/or protocols, such as        a circuit switched, public-switched, packet switched,        connection-less, wireless, virtual, radio, data, telephone,        twisted pair, POTS, non-POTS, DSL, cellular, telecommunications,        video distribution, cable, radio, terrestrial, microwave,        broadcast, satellite, broadband, corporate, global, national,        regional, wide area, backbone, packet-switched TCP/IP, IEEE        802.03, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, local area, wide        area, IP, public Internet, intranet, private, ATM, Ultra Wide        Band (UWB), Wi-Fi, BlueTooth, Airport, IEEE 802.11, IEEE        802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, X-10, electrical power, 3G,        4G, multi-domain, and/or multi-zone sub-network and/or protocol,        one or more Internet service providers, one or more network        interfaces, and/or one or more information devices, such as a        switch, router, and/or gateway not directly connected to a local        area network, etc., and/or any equivalents thereof.    -   network interface—any physical and/or logical device, system,        and/or process capable of coupling an information device to a        network. Exemplary network interfaces comprise a telephone,        cellular phone, cellular modem, telephone data modem, fax modem,        wireless transceiver, communications port, ethernet card, cable        modem, digital subscriber line interface, bridge, hub, router,        or other similar device, software to manage such a device,        and/or software to provide a function of such a device.    -   non-overlapping—not extending over or covering a part of    -   object—a discrete thing that is real, perceptible, and tangible.    -   occurrence—an action, fact, and/or instance of occurring; and/or        something that takes place.    -   offset—in a location near to but distinguishable from a given        point or area.    -   one—being or amounting to a single unit, individual, and/or        entire thing, item, and/or object.    -   onto—upon, to a position on, and/or on top of.    -   opposing—opposite; against; being the other of two complementary        or mutually exclusive things; placed or located opposite, in        contrast, in counterbalance, and/or across from something else        and/or from each other.    -   optical—of or relating to light, sight, and/or a visual        representation.    -   optical path—imaginary lines passing on the principal and        secondary axes from the center of the retina to the object        viewed.    -   or—used to indicate alternatives, typically appearing only        before the last item in a group of alternative items.    -   organic light emitting diode—a self-luminous diode (it glows        when an electrical field is applied to the electrodes) that        typically does not require backlighting or diffusers.    -   orthogonal—perpendicular.    -   outside—the space beyond a boundary and/or limit.    -   overlap—to extend over and cover a part of    -   packet—a generic term for a bundle of data organized in a        specific way for transmission, such as within and/or across a        network, such as a digital packet-switching network, and        comprising the data to be transmitted and certain control        information, such as a destination address.    -   perceptible—capable of being perceived by the human senses.    -   perpendicular—intersecting at or forming substantially right        angles; and/or substantially at a right angle with respect to an        axis.    -   phase—a relationship in time between successive states and/or        cycles of an oscillating and/or repeating system (such as an        alternating electric current, one or more light waves, and/or a        sound wave) and: a fixed reference point; the states of another        system; and/or the cycles of another system.    -   photograph—(n) an image created by collecting and focusing        reflected electromagnetic radiation. The most common photographs        are those created of reflected visible wavelengths, producing        permanent records of what the human eye can see. (v) to record        an image.    -   photolithography—a process whereby metallic foils, fluidic        circuits, and/or printed circuits can be created by exposing a        photosensitive substrate to a pattern, such as a predesigned        structural pattern and/or a circuit pattern, and chemically        etching away either the exposed or unexposed portion of the        substrate.    -   photon—a particle representing a quantum of light and/or other        electromagnetic radiation, the particle having zero rest mass        and carrying energy proportional to the frequency of the        radiation.    -   physical—tangible, real, and/or actual.    -   physically—existing, happening, occurring, acting, and/or        operating in a manner that is tangible, real, and/or actual.    -   plurality—the state of being plural and/or more than one.    -   point—(n.) a defined physical and/or logical location in at        least a two-dimensional system and/or an element in a        geometrically described set and/or a measurement or        representation of a measurement having a time coordinate and a        non-time coordinate. (v.) to indicate a position and/or        direction of    -   portion—a part, component, section, percentage, ratio, and/or        quantity that is less than a larger whole. Can be visually,        physically, and/or virtually distinguishable and/or        non-distinguishable.    -   position—(n) a place and/or location, often relative to a        reference point. (v) to place and/or locate.    -   power—(n) a measure of an ability of a vision system, eye, lens,        and/or lens-assisted eye, to refract, magnify, separate,        converge, and/or diverge; and/or a general term that may refer        to any power such as effective, equivalent, dioptric, focal,        refractive, surface, and/or vergence power; and/or energy, a        measure of energy and/or work, and/or a rate at which work is        done, expressed as the amount of work per unit time and commonly        measured in units such as watt and horsepower; (v) to energize,        such as via applying electricity.    -   pre-—a prefix that precedes an activity that has occurred        beforehand and/or in advance.    -   predetermined—determined, decided, obtained, calculated, and/or        established in advance.    -   prism—a substantially transparent body used for reflecting beams        of light and/or separating white light passed through it into a        spectrum.    -   probability—a quantitative representation of a likelihood of an        occurrence.    -   processor—a machine that utilizes hardware, firmware, and/or        software and is physically adaptable to perform, via Boolean        logic operating on a plurality of logic gates that form        particular physical circuits, a specific task defined by a set        of machine-implementable instructions. A processor can utilize        mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, magnetic, optical,        informational, chemical, and/or biological principles,        mechanisms, adaptations, signals, inputs, and/or outputs to        perform the task(s). In certain embodiments, a processor can act        upon information by manipulating, analyzing, modifying, and/or        converting it, transmitting the information for use by        machine-implementable instructions and/or an information device,        and/or routing the information to an output device. A processor        can function as a central processing unit, local controller,        remote controller, parallel controller, and/or distributed        controller, etc. Unless stated otherwise, the processor can be a        general-purpose device, such as a microcontroller and/or a        microprocessor, such the Pentium family of microprocessor        manufactured by the Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif. In        certain embodiments, the processor can be dedicated purpose        device, such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit        (ASIC) or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that has been        designed to implement in its hardware and/or firmware at least a        part of an embodiment disclosed herein. A processor can reside        on and use the capabilities of a controller.    -   programmatically—of, relating to, or having a program and/or        instructions.    -   project—to calculate, estimate, or predict.    -   provide—to furnish, supply, give, convey, send, and/or make        available.    -   pulse—a transient variation of a quantity (such as electric        current or voltage) whose value is otherwise constant. Sometimes        repeated with a regular period and/or according to some code.    -   radial—pertaining to that which radiates from and/or converges        to a common center and/or has or is characterized by parts so        arranged or so radiating.    -   receive—to get as a signal, take, acquire, and/or obtain.    -   recommend—to suggest, praise, commend, and/or endorse.    -   record—(v) to gather, capture, store, and/or preserve        information on a tangible medium.    -   reduce—to make and/or become lesser and/or smaller.    -   region—an area and/or zone.    -   relative—considered with reference to and/or in comparison to        something else.    -   relative position—a location with reference to a definable        object.    -   render—to, e.g., physically, chemically, biologically,        electronically, electrically, magnetically, optically,        acoustically, fluidically, and/or mechanically, etc., transform        information into a form perceptible to a human as, for example,        data, commands, text, graphics, audio, video, animation, and/or        hyperlinks, etc., such as via a visual, audio, and/or haptic,        etc., means and/or depiction, such as via a display, monitor,        electric paper, lens, ocular implant, cochlear implant, speaker,        vibrator, shaker, force-feedback device, stylus, joystick,        steering wheel, glove, blower, heater, cooler, pin array,        tactile touchscreen, etc.    -   repeatedly—again and again; repetitively.    -   request—to express a desire for and/or ask for.    -   resolution—a degree of sharpness of an image.    -   response—a reaction, reply, and/or answer to an influence and/or        impetus.    -   retina—the light-sensitive membrane forming the inner lining of        the posterior wall of the eyeball, composed largely of a        specialized terminal expansion of the optic nerve. Images        focused here typically are transmitted to the brain as nerve        impulses.    -   ring—a substantially toroidal object that can be imagined as        having been generated by rotating a closed loop (e.g., ellipse,        circle, irregular curve, polygon, etc.) about a fixed line        external to the loop.    -   scan—to move a finely focused beam of light or electrons in a        systematic pattern over (a surface) in order to reproduce or        sense and subsequently transmit an image.    -   scene—a place where action occurs and/or where an object of        interest is present; something seen by a viewer; and/or a view        and/or prospect.    -   select—to make a choice or selection from alternatives.    -   sensor—a device adapted to automatically sense, perceive,        detect, and/or measure a physical property (e.g., pressure,        temperature, flow, mass, heat, light, sound, humidity,        proximity, position, velocity, vibration, loudness, voltage,        current, capacitance, resistance, inductance, magnetic flux,        and/or electro-magnetic radiation, etc.) and convert that        physical quantity into a signal. Examples include position        sensors, proximity switches, stain gages, photo sensors,        thermocouples, level indicating devices, speed sensors,        accelerometers, electrical voltage indicators, electrical        current indicators, on/off indicators, and/or flowmeters, etc.    -   separated—not touching and/or spaced apart by something.    -   server—an information device and/or a process running thereon,        that is adapted to be communicatively coupled to a network and        that is adapted to provide at least one service for at least one        client, i.e., for at least one other information device        communicatively coupled to the network and/or for at least one        process running on another information device communicatively        coupled to the network. One example is a file server, which has        a local drive and services requests from remote clients to read,        write, and/or manage files on that drive. Another example is an        e-mail server, which provides at least one program that accepts,        temporarily stores, relays, and/or delivers e-mail messages.        Still another example is a database server, which processes        database queries. Yet another example is a device server, which        provides networked and/or programmable: access to, and/or        monitoring, management, and/or control of, shared physical        resources and/or devices, such as information devices, printers,        modems, scanners, projectors, displays, lights, cameras,        security equipment, proximity readers, card readers, kiosks,        POS/retail equipment, phone systems, residential equipment, HVAC        equipment, medical equipment, laboratory equipment, industrial        equipment, machine tools, pumps, fans, motor drives, scales,        programmable logic controllers, sensors, data collectors,        actuators, alarms, annunciators, and/or input/output devices,        etc.    -   set—a related plurality.    -   sharpness—acuteness and/or distinctness.    -   signal—(v) to communicate; (n) one or more automatically        detectable variations in a physical variable, such as a        pneumatic, hydraulic, acoustic, fluidic, mechanical, electrical,        magnetic, optical, chemical, and/or biological variable, such as        power, energy, pressure, flowrate, viscosity, density, torque,        impact, force, frequency, phase, voltage, current, resistance,        magnetomotive force, magnetic field intensity, magnetic field        flux, magnetic flux density, reluctance, permeability, index of        refraction, optical wavelength, polarization, reflectance,        transmittance, phase shift, concentration, and/or temperature,        etc., that can encode information, such as machine-implementable        instructions for activities and/or one or more letters, words,        characters, symbols, signal flags, visual displays, and/or        special sounds, etc., having prearranged meaning. Depending on        the context, a signal and/or the information encoded therein can        be synchronous, asynchronous, hard real-time, soft real-time,        non-real time, continuously generated, continuously varying,        analog, discretely generated, discretely varying, quantized,        digital, broadcast, multicast, unicast, transmitted, conveyed,        received, continuously measured, discretely measured, processed,        encoded, encrypted, multiplexed, modulated, spread, de-spread,        demodulated, detected, de-multiplexed, decrypted, and/or        decoded, etc.    -   solid angle—a three-dimensional angle, formed by three or more        planes intersecting at a common point. Its magnitude is measured        in steradians, a unitless measure. The corner of a room forms a        solid angle, as does the apex of a cone; one can imagine an        indefinite number of planes forming the smooth round surface of        the cone all intersecting at the apex. Solid angles are commonly        used in photometry.    -   special purpose computer—a computer and/or information device        comprising a processor device having a plurality of logic gates,        whereby at least a portion of those logic gates, via        implementation of specific machine-implementable instructions by        the processor, experience a change in at least one physical and        measurable property, such as a voltage, current, charge, phase,        pressure, weight, height, tension, level, gap, position,        velocity, momentum, force, temperature, polarity, magnetic        field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation, reflectivity,        molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc., thereby directly        tying the specific machine-implementable instructions to the        logic gate's specific configuration and property(ies). In the        context of an electronic computer, each such change in the logic        gates creates a specific electrical circuit, thereby directly        tying the specific machine-implementable instructions to that        specific electrical circuit.    -   special purpose processor—a processor device, having a plurality        of logic gates, whereby at least a portion of those logic gates,        via implementation of specific machine-implementable        instructions by the processor, experience a change in at least        one physical and measurable property, such as a voltage,        current, charge, phase, pressure, weight, height, tension,        level, gap, position, velocity, momentum, force, temperature,        polarity, magnetic field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation,        reflectivity, molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc., thereby        directly tying the specific machine-implementable instructions        to the logic gate's specific configuration and property(ies). In        the context of an electronic computer, each such change in the        logic gates creates a specific electrical circuit, thereby        directly tying the specific machine-implementable instructions        to that specific electrical circuit.    -   spherical—of, relating to, and/or having a shape approximating        that of a sphere.    -   steer—to guide, maneuver, and/or direct the course of.    -   store—to place, hold, and/or retain data, typically in a memory.    -   structure—something made up of a number of parts that are held        and/or put together in a particular way.    -   substantially—to a great extent and/or degree.    -   substrate—an underlying material, region, base, stratum, course,        lamina, coating, and/or sheet.    -   sufficiently—to a degree necessary to achieve a predetermined        result.    -   support—to bear the weight of, especially from below.    -   surface—the outer boundary of an object and/or a material layer        constituting and/or resembling such a boundary.    -   switch—(n.) a mechanical, electrical, and/or electronic device        that opens and/or closes circuits, completes and/or breaks an        electrical path, selects paths and/or circuits, and/or is        adapted to switch; (v.) to: form, open, and/or close one or more        circuits; form, complete, and/or break an electrical and/or        informational path; alternate between electrically energizing        and de-energizing; select a path and/or circuit from a plurality        of available paths and/or circuits; and/or establish a        connection between disparate transmission path segments in a        network (or between networks).    -   system—a collection of mechanisms, devices, machines, articles        of manufacture, processes, data, and/or instructions, the        collection designed to perform one or more specific functions.    -   than—used to introduce the second element of a comparison, the        first element of which expresses difference; used after adverbs        such as rather or sooner to introduce a rejected alternative in        an expression of preference; besides; and/or in addition to.    -   that—a pronoun used to indicate a thing as indicated, mentioned        before, present, and/or well known.    -   toward—used to indicate a destination and/or in a physical        and/or logical direction of.    -   transform—to change in measurable: form, appearance, nature,        and/or character.    -   transmit—to send as a signal, provide, furnish, and/or supply.    -   transparent—clear; characterized by conveying incident light        without reflecting or absorbing a substantial portion of that        light; and/or having the property of transmitting rays of light        through its substance so that bodies situated beyond or behind        can be distinctly seen.    -   two—a cardinal number equal to one plus one.    -   unique—separate and distinct.    -   user interface—any device for rendering information to a user        and/or requesting information from the user. A user interface        includes at least one of textual, graphical, audio, video,        animation, and/or haptic elements. A textual element can be        provided, for example, by a printer, monitor, display,        projector, etc. A graphical element can be provided, for        example, via a monitor, display, projector, and/or visual        indication device, such as a light, flag, beacon, etc. An audio        element can be provided, for example, via a speaker, microphone,        and/or other sound generating and/or receiving device. A video        element or animation element can be provided, for example, via a        monitor, display, projector, and/or other visual device. A        haptic element can be provided, for example, via a very low        frequency speaker, vibrator, tactile stimulator, tactile pad,        simulator, keyboard, keypad, mouse, trackball, joystick,        gamepad, wheel, touchpad, touch panel, pointing device, and/or        other haptic device, etc. A user interface can include one or        more textual elements such as, for example, one or more letters,        number, symbols, etc. A user interface can include one or more        graphical elements such as, for example, an image, photograph,        drawing, icon, window, title bar, panel, sheet, tab, drawer,        matrix, table, form, calendar, outline view, frame, dialog box,        static text, text box, list, pick list, pop-up list, pull-down        list, menu, tool bar, dock, check box, radio button, hyperlink,        browser, button, control, palette, preview panel, color wheel,        dial, slider, scroll bar, cursor, status bar, stepper, and/or        progress indicator, etc. A textual and/or graphical element can        be used for selecting, programming, adjusting, changing,        specifying, etc. an appearance, background color, background        style, border style, border thickness, foreground color, font,        font style, font size, alignment, line spacing, indent, maximum        data length, validation, query, cursor type, pointer type,        autosizing, position, and/or dimension, etc. A user interface        can include one or more audio elements such as, for example, a        volume control, pitch control, speed control, voice selector,        and/or one or more elements for controlling audio play, speed,        pause, fast forward, reverse, etc. A user interface can include        one or more video elements such as, for example, elements        controlling video play, speed, pause, fast forward, reverse,        zoom-in, zoom-out, rotate, and/or tilt, etc. A user interface        can include one or more animation elements such as, for example,        elements controlling animation play, pause, fast forward,        reverse, zoom-in, zoom-out, rotate, tilt, color, intensity,        speed, frequency, appearance, etc. A user interface can include        one or more haptic elements such as, for example, elements        utilizing tactile stimulus, force, pressure, vibration, motion,        displacement, temperature, etc.    -   variable—(n) a property, parameter, and/or characteristic        capable of assuming any of an associated set of values. (adj)        likely to change and/or vary; subject to variation; and/or        changeable.    -   variable-focus—having the quality of adjustable focus in a        single specified optic.    -   vary—to change, alter, and/or modify one or more characteristics        and/or attributes of    -   via—by way of and/or utilizing.    -   voltage—(a.k.a., “potential difference” and “electro-motive        force” (EMF)) a difference in electrical potential between any        two conductors of an electrical circuit and/or a quantity,        expressed as a signed number of Volts (V), and measured as a        signed difference between two points in an electrical circuit        which, when divided by the resistance in Ohms between those        points, gives the current flowing between those points in        Amperes, according to Ohm's Law.    -   wavefront—a surface containing points affected in substantially        the same way by a wave at a substantially predetermined time.    -   wearer—a person who don a garment and/or device.    -   weight—a value indicative of importance.    -   when—at a time and/or during the time at which.    -   wherein—in regard to which; and; and/or in addition to.    -   wireless—any communication technique that transmits a signal        that does not require the use of a wire and/or guide connecting        a transmitter and a receiver and/or utilizes electromagnetic        waves emitted by an antenna (i.e., via an unguided medium),        including such communication techniques as sonar, radio,        cellular, cellular radio, digital cellular radio, ELF, LF, MF,        HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, EHF, radar, microwave, satellite microwave,        laser, infrared, etc., but excluding purely visual signaling,        such as semaphore, smoke signals, sign language, etc., the        communication technique having a baseband and/or carrier        frequency ranging from about 1 Hz to about 2×1014 Hz (about 200        teraHertz), including all values therebetween, such as for        example, about 40 Hz, 6.010 kHz, 8.7 MHz, 4.518 GHz, 30 GHz,        etc. and including all subranges therebetween, such as for        example, from about 100 kHz to about 100 MHz, about 30 MHz to        about 1 GHz, about 3 kHz to about 300 GHz, etc. Wireless        communications can include analog and/or digital data, signals,        and/or transmissions. Wireless communication can be via any of a        plurality of protocols such as, for example, cellular CDMA,        TDMA, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, W-CDMA, CDMA2000, TD-CDMA, 802.11a,        802.11b, 802.11g, 802.15.1, 802.15.4, 802.16, and/or Bluetooth,        etc.    -   with—accompanied by.    -   with respect to—in relation to and/or relative to.    -   worn—donned by a wearer.

Note

Various substantially and specifically practical and useful exemplaryembodiments of the claimed subject matter are described herein,textually and/or graphically, including the best mode, if any, known tothe inventor(s), for implementing the claimed subject matter by personshaving ordinary skill in the art. Any of numerous possible variations(e.g., modifications, augmentations, embellishments, refinements, and/orenhancements, etc.), details (e.g., species, aspects, nuances, and/orelaborations, etc.), and/or equivalents (e.g., substitutions,replacements, combinations, and/or alternatives, etc.) of one or moreembodiments described herein might become apparent upon reading thisdocument to a person having ordinary skill in the art, relying uponhis/her expertise and/or knowledge of the entirety of the art andwithout exercising undue experimentation. The inventor(s) expectsskilled artisans to implement such variations, details, and/orequivalents as appropriate, and the inventor(s) therefore intends forthe claimed subject matter to be practiced other than as specificallydescribed herein. Accordingly, as permitted by law, the claimed subjectmatter includes and covers all variations, details, and equivalents ofthat claimed subject matter. Moreover, as permitted by law, everycombination of the herein described characteristics, functions,activities, substances, and/or structural elements, and all possiblevariations, details, and equivalents thereof, is encompassed by theclaimed subject matter unless otherwise clearly indicated herein,clearly and specifically disclaimed, or otherwise clearly contradictedby context.

The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate one or moreembodiments and does not pose a limitation on the scope of any claimedsubject matter unless otherwise stated. No language herein should beconstrued as indicating any non-claimed subject matter as essential tothe practice of the claimed subject matter.

Thus, regardless of the content of any portion (e.g., title, field,background, summary, description, abstract, drawing figure, etc.) ofthis document, unless clearly specified to the contrary, such as viaexplicit definition, assertion, or argument, or clearly contradicted bycontext, with respect to any claim, whether of this document and/or anyclaim of any document claiming priority hereto, and whether originallypresented or otherwise:

-   -   there is no requirement for the inclusion of any particular        described characteristic, function, activity, substance, or        structural element, for any particular sequence of activities,        for any particular combination of substances, or for any        particular interrelationship of elements;    -   no described characteristic, function, activity, substance, or        structural element is “essential”;    -   any two or more described substances can be mixed, combined,        reacted, separated, and/or segregated;    -   any described characteristics, functions, activities,        substances, and/or structural elements can be integrated,        segregated, and/or duplicated;    -   any described activity can be performed manually,        semi-automatically, and/or automatically;    -   any described activity can be repeated, any activity can be        performed by multiple entities, and/or any activity can be        performed in multiple jurisdictions; and    -   any described characteristic, function, activity, substance,        and/or structural element can be specifically excluded, the        sequence of activities can vary, and/or the interrelationship of        structural elements can vary.

The use of the terms “a”, “an”, “said”, “the”, and/or similar referentsin the context of describing various embodiments (especially in thecontext of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both thesingular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context.

The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are tobe construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but notlimited to,”) unless otherwise noted.

When any number or range is described herein, unless clearly statedotherwise, that number or range is approximate. Recitation of ranges ofvalues herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method ofreferring individually to each separate value falling within the range,unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value and eachseparate subrange defined by such separate values is incorporated intothe specification as if it were individually recited herein. Forexample, if a range of 1 to 10 is described, that range includes allvalues therebetween, such as for example, 1.1, 2.5, 3.335, 5, 6.179,8.9999, etc., and includes all subranges therebetween, such as forexample, 1 to 3.65, 2.8 to 8.14, 1.93 to 9, etc.

When any phrase (i.e., one or more words) appearing in a claim isfollowed by a drawing element number, that drawing element number isexemplary and non-limiting on claim scope.

No claim of this document is intended to invoke paragraph six of 35 USC112 unless the precise phrase “means for” is followed by a gerund.

Any information in any material (e.g., a United States patent, UnitedStates patent application, book, article, etc.) that has beenincorporated by reference herein, is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety to its fullest enabling extent permitted by law yet only tothe extent that no conflict exists between such information and theother definitions, statements, and/or drawings set forth herein. In theevent of such conflict, including a conflict that would render invalidany claim herein or seeking priority hereto, then any such conflictinginformation in such material is specifically not incorporated byreference herein.

Within this document, and during prosecution of any patent applicationrelated hereto, any reference to any claimed subject matter is intendedto reference the precise language of the then-pending claimed subjectmatter at that particular point in time only.

Accordingly, every portion (e.g., title, field, background, summary,description, abstract, drawing figure, etc.) of this document, otherthan the claims themselves and any provided definitions of the phrasesused therein, is to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not asrestrictive. The scope of subject matter protected by any claim of anypatent that issues based on this document is defined and limited only bythe precise language of that claim (and all legal equivalents thereof)and any provided definition of any phrase used in that claim, asinformed by the context of this document.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device comprising: a contact lens configured torender one or more portions of one or more predetermined images to awearer of the contact lens, the contact lens comprising: anelectro-active prism configured to dynamically adjustably steer lighttoward one or more predetermined locations on a retina of the wearer toform, on the retina, a spot that moves in a predetermined pattern, theelectro-active prism configured to move the spot on the retina at aspeed faster than a speed at which the retina can send images of asingle spot to the brain of the wearer; and a controller configured to:dynamically control steering of the light by the electro-active prism.2. The device of claim 1, wherein: the controller is configured towirelessly communicate with a first light source.
 3. The device of claim1, wherein: the controller is configured to wirelessly communicate withan electro-active lens.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein: thecontroller is configured to wirelessly communicate with theelectro-active prism.
 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising: anelectro-active lens configured to dynamically adjustably focus the lightonto the retina.
 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising: a powersource wirelessly coupled to the contact lens.
 7. The device of claim 1,the contact lens further comprising: a second light source configured toemit light having a different color than light emitted by, and receivedfrom, a first light source.
 8. The device of claim 1, the contact lensfurther comprising: a second light source configured to emit light forgenerating a different image than that of the first light source fromwhich the light was received.
 9. The device of claim 1, furthercomprising: a gaze detector configured to communicate with thecontroller.
 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising: an objectposition detector configured to communicate with the controller.
 11. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein: the controller is configured to switchemission of the light in response to an occurrence of a predeterminedevent.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein: the controller is configuredto coordinate a switch in emission of the light with a predeterminedaction.
 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising: an electro-activelens configured to dynamically adjustably focus the light onto theretina and configured to provide spherical focus changes to the light.14. The device of claim 1, the contact lens further comprising: a firstelectro-active prism layer configured to adjustably steer the light withrespect to a first coordinate direction; and a second electro-activeprism layer configured to adjustably steer the light with respect to asecond coordinate direction that is substantially perpendicular to thefirst coordinate direction.
 15. The device of claim 1, wherein: thecontroller is adapted to dynamically control focusing of the light by anelectro-active lens.
 16. A method comprising: via an electro-activeprism, scanning light across one or more predetermined and adjustableregions of a retina of a wearer of a contact lens at a speed faster thana speed at which the retina can send images of a single spot to thebrain of the wearer, to generate a detectable image on the one or morepredetermined and adjustable regions of the retina.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, further comprising: dynamically controlling focusing of thelight by an electro-active lens in an optical path of the light.
 18. Themethod of claim 16, further comprising: dynamically controlling saidscanning of the light.
 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:dynamically controlling emission of the light from a light source. 20.The method of claim 16, further comprising: scanning the light across aselected region of the one or more predetermined and adjustable regionsof the retina.